• Manuscripts should be submitted electronically in a format compatible with Microsoft Word.
• PDF files are permitted when the manuscript contains non-standard characters that cannot be reliably displayed in Word.
• Manuscripts, including the abstract and keywords, and excluding references, should not exceed 9,000 words.
• The title page should include the article title, the author’s name, affiliation, and position.
• The manuscript should be formatted in Times New Roman, 12-point font (11-point for block quotes), and double-spaced throughout.
• Margins should be set to 1 inch (2.54cm) on all sides.
2. Language
• Manuscripts must be written in clear, fluent English and should not require additional language editing.
3. Abstract
• Each submission must include an abstract of 150-200 words placed at the beginning of the manuscript.
• The abstract should outline the research objectives, methodology/approach, key findings, and scholarly significance.
• Optionally, authors can include research limitations/implications, practical implications, and social implications.
4. Keywords
• Manuscripts should include up to five concise, relevant keywords that reflect the main themes of the paper.
5. Typescript Text
Paragraphs
• There should be no line spaces between paragraphs.
Headings and Subheadings
• Use headings and subheadings to organize the manuscript clearly; numbering is optional.
• Main headings should be in bold and subheadings in bold and italic.
• Main words should be capitalized (e.g., Theoretical Background).
• No full point should be used at the end of the line.
Sections
• Sections should be numbered.
• When numbered sections are employed, section numbers should be followed by a full point and EN space (e.g., 2), whereas subsection numbers should not be followed by a full point (e.g.,2.1).
Spelling
• Use the system which you are most accustomed to using but be consistent.
Quotations
• Extended quotations should be presented in a smaller font size, aligned flush left, and consisting of a minimum of five lines. Quotation marks should not be used for block quotations.
• For short quotations incorporated into the text, single quotation marks should be used, with double quotation marks reserved for quotations within quotations.
• For quoted passages in non-Latin scripts, authors must provide the original text and a Romanized version.
Punctuation
• Endnote cues should consistently follow punctuation. Initials should be followed by a full point and space (e.g., E.M. Smith).
• No full point should be used after titles such as Dr, Mrs, Ms, or Mr.
Computer Programs
• A brief description of the syntactic rules governing lines of program code to be typeset and embedded within the text should be provided. Alternatively, program code may be presented as figures, in which case authors should submit camera-ready copies of the figures together with the manuscript.
• Names of computer programs should be presented in capital letters or in another consistently applied style.
6. Figures and Tables
• Illustrations (including maps, graphs, and other images) are referred to as “figures,” should be numbered consecutively, and must be clearly cited in the text (e.g., see Figure 1).
• All figures must be (1) uploaded as separate files (e.g., .tiff or .jpeg) and (2) embedded in the manuscript for review. For accepted articles, authors must obtain permission for any material not in the public domain and acknowledge this permission in the figure caption.
• Tables must be consecutively numbered and clearly cited in the text (e.g., see Table 1).
7. References
• All references should be provided in endnotes and follow the Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition).
• In-text references should follow the author-date system in Chapter 15 of the Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition).
• Sources in other languages should be Romanized.
8. Supplementary Files
• Authors may submit supplementary materials (e.g., data, appendices, or media files) provided they are directly relevant to the research.
